"Alexandra and Yea Standard, Gobur, Thornton and Acheron Express” (VIC : 1877-1908) - TROVE. (https://trove.nla.gov.au). Digitised Images. National Library of Australia. (https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/title/155 : 1 Jul 2023).

"Australia Births & Baptisms, 1792-1981" - FamilySearch. (https://www.familysearch.org). Database. Index based upon data collected by the Genealogical Society of Utah, Salt Lake City. The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. (https://www.familysearch.org/search/collection/1770729 : 18 Jul 2022).

"Australia Cemetery Index, 1808-2007" - ancestry. (https://www.ancestry.com.au). Database with images. Cemetery transcriptions compiled from various local family history societies. Name of compiler is provided for each record. (https://www.ancestry.com.au/search/collections/1266 : 1 Jul 2023)

"Australia Deaths and Burials, 1816-1980" - FamilySearch. (https://www.familysearch.org). Database. Index based upon data collected by the Genealogical Society of Utah, Salt Lake City. The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. (https://www.familysearch.org/search/collection/1770857 : 18 Jul 2022).

"Australia DVA's Nominal Rolls" - Department of Veterans' Affairs. (https://nominal-rolls.dva.gov.au : 1 Jul 2023). Database. Australian Government.

"Australia, Electoral Rolls, 1903-1980" - ancestry. (https://www.ancestry.com.au). Digitised Images. Australian Electoral Commission; Canberra, Australia; Electoral Rolls. (https://www.ancestry.com.au/search/collections/1207 : 1 Jul 2023).

"Australia, Tasmania, Civil Registration (District Registers), 1839-1938" - FamilySearch. (https://www.familysearch.org). Database with images. Citing the Tasmanian Archive and Heritage Office, Hobart. The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. (https://www.familysearch.org/search/collection/2514003 : 5 Jun 2023).

"Australia, Tasmania, Government Gazette, 1833-1925" - FamilySearch. (https://www.familysearch.org). Images. Citing the Tasmanian Archives and Heritage Office, Hobart. The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. (https://www.familysearch.org/search/collection/2170647 : 18 Jul 2022).

"Australian Anzacs in the Great War 1914-1918" - The AIF Project. (https://aif.adfa.edu.au : 1 Jul 2023). Database. UNSW Australia at the Australian Defence Force Academy.

"Baptism Register - St Lukes, Latrobe (NS686)" - Tasmanian Archive and Heritage Office, Hobart. Microfilm. Anglican Parish of Latrobe (NG686). Tasmanian Government, Australia.

"Baptism Register of the Bothwell Church of England (NS1854)" - Tasmanian Archive and Heritage Office, Hobart. Microfilm. Anglican Parish of Bothwell (NG613). Tasmanian Government, Australia.

"Bothwell Presbyterian Church Registers (NS592)" - Tasmanian Archive and Heritage Office, Hobart. Microfilm. Presbyterian Church of Bothwell (NG1965). Tasmanian Government, Australia.

"Cargo, Passenger and Crew Lists, Manifests and Associated Documents Relating to Ships Clearances (CUS36)" - Libraries Tasmania. (https://libraries.tas.gov.au/tasmanian-archives : 1 Jul 2023). Images. Customs Department (TA61). Tasmanian Government, Australia.

“Cemetery Records” - BillionGraves (https://billiongraves.com : 1 Jul 2023). Images. BillionGraves Holdings, Inc.

“Cemetery Records" - Find A Grave. (https://www.findagrave.com : 1 Jul 2023). Images.

"Cemetery Records" - Millingtons Funerals & Cemeteries. (https://www.millingtons.com.au : 1 Jul 2023). Database.

"Colonial Secretary Correspondence, Tasmania - General Correspondence (CSO1)" - Libraries Tasmania. (https://libraries.tas.gov.au/tasmanian-archives : 1 Jul 2023). Images. Colonial Secretary's Office (1) (TA151). Tasmanian Government, Australia.

"Colonial Times" (Hobart, TAS : 1828-1857) - TROVE. (https://trove.nla.gov.au). Digitised Images. National Library of Australia. (https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/title/24 : 1 Jul 2023).

"Convicts (CON14) - Indents of Male Convicts" - Libraries Tasmania. (https://libraries.tas.gov.au/tasmanian-archives : 1 Jul 2023). Images. Convict Department (TA60). Tasmanian Government, Australia.

"Convicts (CON15) - Indents of Female Convicts" - Libraries Tasmania. (https://libraries.tas.gov.au/tasmanian-archives : 1 Jul 2023). Images. Convict Department (TA60). Tasmanian Government, Australia.

"Convicts (CON18) - Description Lists of Males Convicts" - Libraries Tasmania. (https://libraries.tas.gov.au/tasmanian-archives : 1 Jul 2023). Images. Convict Department (TA60). Tasmanian Government, Australia.

"Convicts (CON19) - Description Lists of Female Convicts" - Libraries Tasmania. (https://libraries.tas.gov.au/tasmanian-archives : 1 Jul 2023). Images. Convict Department (TA60). Tasmanian Government, Australia.

"Convicts (CON23) - Alphabetical Registers of Male Convicts" - Libraries Tasmania. (https://libraries.tas.gov.au/tasmanian-archives : 1 Jul 2023). Images. Convict Department (TA60). Tasmanian Government, Australia.

"Convicts (CON27) - Appropriation Lists of Convicts" - Libraries Tasmania. (https://libraries.tas.gov.au/tasmanian-archives : 1 Jul 2023). Images. Convict Department (TA60). Tasmanian Government, Australia.

"Convicts (CON31) - Conduct Registers of Male Convicts arriving in the Period of the Assignment System" - Libraries Tasmania. (https://libraries.tas.gov.au/tasmanian-archives : 1 Jul 2023). Images. Convict Department (TA60). Tasmanian Government, Australia.

"Convicts (CON33) - Conduct Registers of Male Convicts arriving in the Period of the Probation System" - Libraries Tasmania. (https://libraries.tas.gov.au/tasmanian-archives : 1 Jul 2023). Images. Convict Department (TA60). Tasmanian Government, Australia.

"Convicts (CON34) - Conduct Registers of Male Convicts Arriving under the Assignment System on Strength in Nov 1844" - Libraries Tasmania. (https://libraries.tas.gov.au/tasmanian-archives : 1 Jul 2023). Images. Convict Department (TA60). Tasmanian Government, Australia.

"Convicts (CON37) - Conduct Registers of Male Convicts on Non-convict Ships or Locally Convicted" - Libraries Tasmania. (https://libraries.tas.gov.au/tasmanian-archives : 1 Jul 2023). Images. Convict Department (TA60). Tasmanian Government, Australia.

"Convicts (CON40) - Conduct Registers of Female Convicts arriving in the Period of the Assignment System" - Libraries Tasmania. (https://libraries.tas.gov.au/tasmanian-archives : 1 Jul 2023). Images. Convict Department (TA60). Tasmanian Government, Australia.

"Convicts (CON41) - Conduct Registers of Female Convicts arriving in the Period of the Probation System" - Libraries Tasmania. (https://libraries.tas.gov.au/tasmanian-archives : 1 Jul 2023). Images. Convict Department (TA60). Tasmanian Government, Australia.

"Convicts (CON42) - Conduct Register of Female Convicts Reconvicted in the Colony" - Libraries Tasmania. Libraries Tasmania. (https://libraries.tas.gov.au/tasmanian-archives : 1 Jul 2023). Images. Convict Department (TA60). Tasmanian Government, Australia.

"Convicts (CON52) - Registers of Applications for Permissions to Marry" - Libraries Tasmania. (https://libraries.tas.gov.au/tasmanian-archives : 1 Jul 2023). Images. Convict Department (TA60). Tasmanian Government, Australia.

"Copies of Clearances Issued to Ships Leaving Hobart (CSO63)" - Tasmanian Archive and Heritage Office, Hobart. Microfilm. Colonial Secretary's Office (1) (TA151). Tasmanian Government, Australia.

"Copies of Land Grants Issued 1823" - Libraries Tasmania. (https://libraries.tas.gov.au/tasmanian-archives : 1 Jul 2023). Images. Land and Surveys Department (TA69). Tasmanian Government, Australia.

"Copies of Wills Recording Granting of Probate, 1825-1989 (AD960)" - Libraries Tasmania. (https://libraries.tas.gov.au/tasmanian-archives : 1 Jul 2023). Images. Probate Registry (TA1574). Tasmanian Government, Australia.

"Counterfoils of Marriage Certificates issued in Respect of Marriages Performed at Hobart and Franklin Registry Offices, Tasmania, Australia, and by Various Religious Denominations (RGD1)" - Libraries Tasmania. (https://libraries.tas.gov.au/tasmanian-archives : 1 Jul 2023). Images. Registrar-General's Department (TA85). Tasmanian Government, Australia.

“Deaths in the District of Bothwell 1844-1938 (RGD17)” - Tasmanian Archive and Heritage Office, Hobart. Microfilm. Registrar-General's Department (TA85). Tasmanian Government, Australia.

"Deeds of Land Grants 1832-1935 (RD1)" - Libraries Tasmania. (https://libraries.tas.gov.au/tasmanian-archives : 1 Jul 2023). Images. Registry of Deeds (TA84). Tasmanian Government, Australia.

"Defence and War Service Records" - National Archives of Australia. (https://www.naa.gov.au/explore-collection/defence-and-war-service-records : 1 Jul 2023). Images. Australian Government.

"Derbyshire, England, Church of England Baptisms, Marriages and Burials, 1538-1912" - ancestry. (https://www.ancestry.com.au). Images. Derbyshire Church of England Parish Registers, Derbyshire Record Office, Matlock, Derbyshire, England. (https://www.ancestry.com.au/search/collections/61407 : 1 Jul 2023).

"Despatches received from the Secretary relating to Advances of Emigrants (GO3)" - Libraries Tasmania. (https://libraries.tas.gov.au/tasmanian-archives : 1 Jul 2023). Images. Governor's Office (TA315). Tasmanian Government, Australia.

"England and Wales Birth Registration Index, 1837-2008" - ancestry. (https://www.ancestry.com.au). Database. General Register Office. England and Wales Civil Registration Indexes. London, England: General Register Office. © Crown copyright. Published by permission of the Controller of HMSO and the Office for National Statistics. (https://www.ancestry.com.au/search/collections/8912 : 1 Jul 2023).

"England and Wales Census, 1841" - FamilySearch. (https://www.familysearch.org). Database and images. "1841 England, Scotland and Wales census." findmypast. (https://www.findmypast.com. Citing PRO HO 107. The National Archives of the UK, Kew, Surrey. The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. (https://www.familysearch.org/search/collection/1493745 : 16 Nov 2022).

"England and Wales Census, 1851" - FamilySearch. (https://www.familysearch.org). Database and images. "1851 England, Scotland and Wales census.” findmypast. (https://www.findmypast.com. Citing PRO HO 107. The National Archives of the UK, Kew, Surrey. The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. (https://www.familysearch.org/search/collection/2563939 : 8 Jun 2023).

"England and Wales Death Registration Index 1837-2006" - FamilySearch. (https://www.familysearch.org). Database. "England & Wales Deaths, 1837-2006." findmypast. (https://www.findmypast.com. Citing General Register Office, Southport, England. The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. (https://www.familysearch.org/search/collection/2285341 : 18 Jul 2022).

"England and Wales Marriage Registration Index 1837-2005" - FamilySearch. (https://www.familysearch.org). Database. "England & Wales Births, 1837-2006." findmypast. (https://www.findmypast.com. Citing General Register Office, Southport, England. The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. (https://www.familysearch.org/search/collection/2285732 : 18 Jul 2022).

"England and Wales, Non-Conformist and Non-Parochial Registers, 1567-1936" - ancestry. (https://www.ancestry.com.au). Images. General Register Office: Registers of Births, Marriages and Deaths surrendered to the Non-Parochial Registers Commissions of 1837 and 1857. Records of the General Register Office, Government Social Survey Department, and Office of Population Censuses and Surveys, Registrar General (RG) 4. The National Archives, Kew, England. General Register Office: Birth Certificates from the Presbyterian, Independent and Baptist Registry and from the Wesleyan Methodist Metropolitan Registry. Digitized images. Records of the General Register Office, Government Social Survey Department, and Office of Population Censuses and Surveys, Registrar General (RG) 5. The National Archives, Kew, England. General Register Office: Registers of Births, Marriages and Deaths surrendered to the Non-Parochial Registers Commission of 1857, and other registers and church records in the Protectorates of Africa and Asia. Records of the General Register Office, Government Social Survey Department, and Office of Population Censuses and Surveys, Registrar General (RG) 8. The National Archives, Kew, England. (https://www.ancestry.com.au/search/collections/2972 : 1 Jul 1853).

"England Births and Christenings, 1538-1975" - FamilySearch. (https://www.familysearch.org). Database. Index based upon data collected by the Genealogical Society of Utah, Salt Lake City. The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. (https://www.familysearch.org/search/collection/1473014 : 8 Feb 2023).

"England Census, 1851" - ancestry. (https://www.ancestry.com.au). Images. Census Returns of England and Wales, 1851. Kew, Surrey, England: The National Archives of the UK (TNA): Public Record Office (PRO), 1851. Data imaged from the National Archives, London, England. The National Archives gives no warranty as to the accuracy, completeness or fitness for the purpose of the information provided. Images may be used only for purposes of research, private study or education. Applications for any other use should be made to the National Archives, Kew, Richmond, Surrey TW9 4DU. (https://www.ancestry.com.au/search/collections/8860 : 1 Jul 2023).

"England Marriages, 1538-1973" - FamilySearch. (https://www.familysearch.org). Database. Index based upon data collected by the Genealogical Society of Utah, Salt Lake City. The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. (https://www.familysearch.org/search/collection/1473015 : 4 Jan 2023).

"England, Essex Parish Registers, 1538-1997" - FamilySearch. (https://www.familysearch.org). Essex Record Office, England. (https://www.familysearch.org/search/collection/1465709 : 12 Aug 2022).

"England, Middlesex Parish Registers, 1539-1988" - FamilySearch. (https://familysearch.org). Database. London Metropolitan Archives, England. The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. (https://www.familysearch.org/search/collection/3734475 : 3 Jul 2023).

"England, Select Births and Christenings, 1538-1975" - ancestry. (https://www.ancestry.com.au). Database. England, Births and Christenings, 1538-1975. Salt Lake City, Utah: FamilySearch, 2013. (https://www.ancestry.com.au/search/collections/9841 : 1 Jul 2023).

"England, Select Marriages, 1538-1973". ancestry. (https://www.ancestry.com.au). Database. England, Marriages, 1538–1973. Salt Lake City, Utah: FamilySearch, 2013. (https://www.ancestry.com.au/search/collections/9852 : 1 Jul 2023).

"England, Somerset, Church Records, 1501-1999" - FamilySearch. (https://www.familysearch.org). Database. "England, Somerset, Church Records, 1501-1999". The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. (https://www.familysearch.org/search/collection/4380193 : 11 Aug 2022).

"England, Staffordshire, Church Records, 1538-1944" - FamilySearch. (https://www.familysearch.org). Database with images. Staffordshire & Stoke on Trent Archive Service, Stafford. (https://www.familysearch.org/search/collection/2364451 : 6 May 2023).

"England, Sussex, Parish Registers, 1538-1910" - FamilySearch. (https://www.familysearch.org). Database. The Keep, East Sussex Record Office; West Sussex County Record Office, Chichester. Digitised Images. The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. (https://www.familysearch.org/search/collection/1465706 : 30 Sep 2022).

"England, Warwickshire, Parish Registers, 1535-1963" - FamilySearch. (https://www.familysearch.org). Database with images. Parish registers of the Church of England. Warwick County Record Office, England. The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. (https://www.familysearch.org/search/collection/1462403 : 21 Sep 2022).

"England, Yorkshire, Parish Registers, 1538-2016" - FamilySearch. (https://www.familysearch.org). Database. (https://www.familysearch.org/search/collection/4439317 : 7 Sep 2022).

"Essex, England, Church of England Births and Baptisms, 1813-1921" - ancestry. (https://ancestry.com.au). Database. Essex Church of England Parish Registers, Essex County Council, Chelmsford, Essex, England. (https://www.ancestry.com.au/search/collections/61698 : 1 Jul 2023).

"Essex, England, Church of England Marriages, 1754-1937" - ancestry. (https://www.ancestry.com.au). Database. Essex Church of England Parish Registers, Essex County Council, Chelmsford, Essex, England. (https://www.ancestry.com.au/search/collections/61700 : 1 Jul 2023).

"Evening Star" (NZ : 1856-1979) - Papers Past. (https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz). Images. National Library of New Zealand. New Zealand Government. (https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/evening-star : 1 Jul 2023).

"Family Public Member Trees" - ancestry. (https://www.ancestry.com.au). Database. Family trees submitted by Ancestry members. (https://www.ancestry.com.au/search/collections/1030 : 1 Jul 2023).

"Findings, Depositions and associated Papers relating to Coroner's Inquests (SC195)" - Libraries Tasmania. (https://libraries.tas.gov.au/tasmanian-archives : 1 Jul 2023). Images. Supreme Court (Registrar's Office) (TA42). Tasmanian Government, Australia.

"Geelong Advertiser" (VIC : 1859-1929) - TROVE. (https://trove.nla.gov.au). Images. National Library of Australia. (https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/title/558 : 1 Jul 2023).

"Gloucestershire, England, Church of England baptisms, 1813-1913" - ancestry. (https://www.ancestry.com.au). Images. Gloucestershire Anglican Parish Registers. Gloucestershire Archives, Gloucestershire, England. (https://www.ancestry.com.au/search/collections/5066 : 1 Jul 2023).

"Gloucestershire, England, Church of England marriages and Banns, 1754-1938" - ancestry. (https://www.ancestry.com.au). Images. Gloucestershire Anglican Parish Registers. Gloucestershire Archives, Gloucestershire, England. (https://www.ancestry.com.au/search/collections/5156 : 1 Jul 2023).

"Healesville Guardian" (VIC : 1942-1954) - TROVE. (https://trove.nla.gov.au). Images. National Library of Australia. (https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/title/144 : 1 Jul 2023).

"Hobarton Guardian, or, True Friend of Tasmania" (TAS : 1847-1854) - TROVE. (https://trove.nla.gov.au). Images. National Library of Australia. (https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/title/864 : 1 Jul 2023).

"Householders' Census Returns for Various Districts arranged by Parishes (CEN1)" - Libraries Tasmania. (https://libraries.tas.gov.au/tasmanian-archives : 1 Jul 2023). Images. Census Commission (TA59). Tasmanian Government, Australia.

"Launceston Advertiser" (TAS : 1829-1846) - TROVE. (https://trove.nla.gov.au). Images. National Library of Australia. (https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/title/272 : 1 Jul 2023).

"Launceston Examiner" (TAS : 1842-1899). TROVE. (https://trove.nla.gov.au). Images. National Library of Australia. (https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/title/74 : 1 Jul 2023).

"London, England, Church of England Births and Baptisms, 1813-1923" - ancestry. ( https://www.ancestry.com.au). Images produced by permission of London Metropolitan Archives (City of London Corporation). (https://www.ancestry.com.au/search/collections/1558 : 1 Jul 2023).

"London, England, Church of England Marriages and Banns, 1754-1938" - ancestry. (https://www.ancestry.com.au). Images. Church of England Parish Registers. London Metropolitan Archives, London. (https://www.ancestry.com.au/search/collections/1623 : 1 Jul 2023).

"Methodist Church, Register of Baptisms (1821-1938) and Burials (Jan 1840-Oct 1869) (NS499)" - Tasmanian Archive and Heritage Office, Hobart. Microfilm. Methodist Church in Tasmania (NG499). Tasmania Government, Australia.

"Methodist Church, Ross-Campbell Town Circuit, Baptism and Burial Register (NS499)" - Tasmanian Archive and Heritage Office, Hobart. Microfilm. Methodist Church in Tasmania (NG499). Tasmania Government, Australia

"Monmouthshire, Wales, Anglican Baptisms, Marriages and Burials, 1551-1994" - ancestry. (https://www.ancestry.com.au). Images. Monmouthshire Baptisms, Marriages and Burials. Wales: Archives and Records Council Wales. (https://www.ancestry.com.au/search/collections/62107 : 1 Jul 2023).

"New South Wales and Tasmania, Australia Convict Musters 1806-1849" - ancestry. (https://www.ancestry.com.au). Images. Home Office: Settlers and Convicts, New South Wales and Tasmania. (The National Archives call no Publication HO10, Pieces 5, 19-20, 32-51). The National Archives of the UK (TNA), Kew, Surrey, England. (https://www.ancestry.com.au/search/collections/1185 : 1 Jul 2023).

"New South Wales and Tasmania, Australia, Convict Pardons and Tickets of Leave, 1834-1859" - ancestry. (https://www.ancestry.com.au). Images. Home Office: Settlers and Convicts, New South Wales and Tasmania. (The National Archives call no Publication HO10, Pieces 31, 52-64). The National Archives of the UK (TNA), Kew, Surrey, England. (https://www.ancestry.com.au/search/collections/1184 : 1 Jul 2023).

"New South Wales Registry of Births Deaths & Marriages - Family and Relationship" - NSW Government. (https://www.nsw.gov.au/family-and-relationships : 1 Jul 2023). Database. New South Wales Government, Australia.

"New South Wales, Australia, Index to Deceased Estate Files, 1859-1958" - ancestry. (https://www.ancestry.com.au). Images. New South Wales Government. Stamp Duties Office. Indexes to deceased estate files. Series 13341. The State Records Authority of New South Wales, Kingswood, New South Wales, Australia. (https://www.ancestry.com.au/search/collections/4882 : 1 Jul 2023).

"New Town Infirmary, Alphabetical Admission Register, Males and Females (HSD274)" - Libraries Tasmania. (https://libraries.tas.gov.au/tasmanian-archives : 1 Jul 2023). Images. New Town Infirmary and Consumptive Home (TA889). Tasmanian Government, Australia.

"New Zealand Archives" - Archives New Zealand. (https://www.archives.govt.nz : 1 Jul 2023). Images. New Zealand Government.

"New Zealand Births, Deaths & Marriages Historical Records" - Births, Deaths and Marriages Online. (https://www.bdmhistoricalrecords.dia.govt.nz : 1 Jul 20232). Database. Department of Internal Affairs. New Zealand Government.

"New Zealand Herald" (Auckland : 1863-1945) - Papers Past. (https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz). Images. National Library of New Zealand. New Zealand Government. (https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/new-zealand-herald : 1 Jul 2023).

"Norfolk, England, Transcripts of Church of England Baptism, Marriage and Burial Registers, 1600-1935" - ancestry. (https://www.ancestry.com.au). Images. Church of England Bishop and Archdeacon Transcripts of Parish Registers. Norfolk Record Office, Norwich, Norfolk, England. (https://www.ancestry.com.au/search/collections/61636 : 1 Jul 2023).

"Orphanage Records, St Johns Precinct New Town, Tasmania, Australia" - Friends of the Orphan Schools. (https://www.orphanschool.org.au : 1 Jul 2023). Database.

"Patient Records - Admission Papers (HSD285)" - Libraries Tasmania. (https://libraries.tas.gov.au/tasmanian-archives : 1 Jul 2023). Images. Royal Derwent Hospital (TA465). Tasmanian Government, Australia.

"People Australia" - Australian Dictionary of Biography. (https://adb.anu.edu.au : 1 Jul 2023). National Centre of Biography, Australian National University.

"Photographic Record and Description of Prisoners (GD128)" - Libraries Tasmania. (https://libraries.tas.gov.au/tasmanian-archives : 1 Jul 2023). Images. Gaol (Branch) (TA31). Tasmanian Government, Australia.

"Port Officer's Reports of Ships Arrivals at Hobart (CSO92)" - Libraries Tasmania. (https://libraries.tas.gov.au/tasmanian-archives : 1 Jul 2023). Images. Colonial Secretary's Office (1) (TA151). Tasmanian Government, Australia.

"Prisoners Record Books, Tasmania, Australia (GD63)" - Libraries Tasmania. (https://libraries.tas.gov.au/tasmanian-archives : 1 Jul 2023). Images. Gaol (Branch) (TA31). Tasmanian Government, Australia.

"Properties & Titles, Tasmania, Australia" - The List. https://www.thelist.tas.gov.au : 1 Jul 2023). Images. Land Information System Tasmania. Tasmanian Government, Australia.

"Queensland Registry of Births, Deaths & Marriages" - (https://www.qld.gov.au/law/rbdm : 1 Jul 2023). Database. Queensland Government, Australia.

"Record of Cases Heard in Petty Sessions, Bothwell, Tasmania (LC49)" - FamilySearch. (https://www.familysearch.org). Images. Tasmanian Archives and Heritage Office, Hobart. (https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/3:1:33SQ-GPHR-C6K : 1 Jul 2023).

"Registers of Marriages, Banns and Services of the Bothwell Church of England (NS613)" - Tasmanian Archive and Heritage Office, Hobart. Anglican Parish of Bothwell (NG613). Tasmanian Government, Australia.

"Records of Medical and Prisoner of War Departments" - The National Archives, England. (https://discovery.nationalarchives.gov.uk). Database. Government, United Kingdom. (https://discovery.nationalarchives.gov.uk/browse/r/h/C707 : 1 Jul 2023).

"Records of the Anglican Parish of Brighton - Baptisms (NS751)" - Tasmanian Archive and Heritage Office, Hobart. Microfilm. Anglican Parish of Brighton (NG751). Tasmanian Government, Australia.

"Records of the Anglican Parish of Fingal (NS826)" - Tasmanian Archive and Heritage Office, Hobart. Microfilm. Anglican Parish of Fingal (NG826). Tasmanian Government, Australia.

"Records of the Kempton Anglican Church (NS356)" - Tasmanian Archive and Heritage Office, Hobart. Anglican Parish of Kempton (NG356). Tasmanian Government, Australia.

"Register of Baptisms, Tasmania, 1803-1933 (RGD32)" - Libraries Tasmania. (https://libraries.tas.gov.au/tasmanian-archives : 1 Jul 2023). Images. Registrar-General's Department (TA85). Tasmanian Government, Australia.

"Register of Births, Tasmania, 1838-1899 (RGD33)" - Libraries Tasmania. (https://libraries.tas.gov.au/tasmanian-archives : 1 Jul 2023). Images. Registrar-General's Department (TA85). Tasmanian Government, Australia.

"Register of Burials, Tasmania (RGD34)" - Libraries Tasmania. (https://libraries.tas.gov.au/tasmanian-archives : 1 Jul 2023). Images. Registrar-General's Department (TA85). Tasmanian Government, Australia.

"Register of Children at Boys Home Lansdowne Crescent (SWD37)" - Libraries Tasmania. (https://libraries.tas.gov.au/tasmanian-archives : 1 Jul 2023). Images. Charitbale Grants Department (TA21). Colonial Secretary's Office (2) (TA152). Tasmanian Government, Australia.

"Register of Deaths, Tasmania, 1838-1899 (RGD35)" - Libraries Tasmania. (https://libraries.tas.gov.au/tasmanian-archives : 1 Jul 2023). Images. Registrar-General's Department (TA85). Tasmanian Government, Australia.

"Register of Marriages (Pre-Civil Registration), Tasmania, 1803-1838 (RGD36)" - Libraries Tasmania. (https://libraries.tas.gov.au/tasmanian-archives : 1 Jul 2023). Images. Registrar-General's Department (TA85). Tasmanian Government, Australia.

"Register of Marriages, Tasmania 1839-1899 (RGD37)" - Libraries Tasmania. (https://libraries.tas.gov.au/tasmanian-archives : 1 Jul 2023). Images. Registrar-General's Department (TA85). Tasmanian Government, Australia.

"Register of Police Establishments (AC486)" - Libraries Tasmania. (https://libraries.tas.gov.au/tasmanian-archives : 1 Jul 2023). Images. Police Department (TA242). Tasmanian Government, Australia.

"Register of Ships' Arrivals with Lists of Passengers (CB7, CUS30)" - Libraries Tasmania. (https://libraries.tas.gov.au/tasmanian-archives : 1 Jul 2023). Images. Immigration Board (TA212). Tasmanian Government, Australia.

"Reports of Ships' Arrivals with Lists of Passengers (MB2/39)" - Libraries Tasmania. (https://libraries.tas.gov.au/tasmanian-archives : 1 Jul 2023). Images. Marine Department (TA931). Tasmanian Governmnent, Australia.

"Returns of Crews and Passengers on Ships Departing from Launceston (POL220)" - Libraries Tasmania. (https://libraries.tas.gov.au/tasmanian-archives : 1 Jul 2023). Images. George Town Police (TA1862). Tasmanian Government, Australia.

"Scotland Births and Baptisms 1564-1950" - FamilySearch. (https://www.familysearch.org). Database. Index based upon data collected by the Genealogical Society of Utah, Salt Lake City. The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. (https://www.familysearch.org/search/collection/1771030 : 18 Jul 2022).

"Scotland Census" - ScotlandsPeople. (https://www.scotlandspeople.gov.uk : 1 Jul 2023). Images. National Records of Scotland.

"Scotland Church Records and Kirk Session Records, 1658-1919" - FamilySearch. (https://www.familysearch.org). Database. The National Archives of Scotland, Edinburgh. The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. (https://www.familysearch.org/search/collection/2390848 : 18 Jul 2022).

"Scotland Church Registers, 1553-1854" - ScotlandsPeople. (https://www.scotlandspeople.gov.uk : 1 Jul 2023). Images. National Records of Scotland.

"Scotland Marriages 1561-1910" - FamilySearch. (https://www.familysearch.org). Database. Index based upon data collected by the Genealogical Society of Utah, Salt Lake City. The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. (https://www.familysearch.org/search/collection/1771074 : 18 Jul 2022).

"Scotland Statutory Registers" - ScotlandsPeople. (https://www.scotlandspeople.gov.uk : 1 Jul 2023). Images. National Records of Scotland.

"Scotland, National Probate Index (Calendar of Confirmations and Inventories), 1876-1936" - ancestry. (https://www.ancestry.com.au). Images. Commissary Clerk of Edinburgh under the Sheriff Courts Act, 1876. Calendar of Confirmations and Inventories. (https://www.ancestry.com.au/search/collections/60558 : 1 Jul 2023).

"Scotland, Select Births and Baptisms, 1564-1950" - ancestry. (https://www.ancestry.com.au). Database. Salt Lake City, Utah: FamilySearch, 2013. (https://www.ancestry.com.au/search/collections/60143 : 1 Jul 2023).

"Somerset, England, Church of England Baptisms, 1813-1914" - ancestry. (https://www.ancestry.com.au). Images. Anglican Parish Registers. Somerset Archives & Local Studies, South West Heritage Trust, Taunton, England. (https://www.ancestry.com.au/search/collections/60857 : 1 Jul 2023).

"Somerset, England, Church of England Burials, 1813-1914" - ancestry. (https://www.ancestry.com.au) Images. Anglican Parish Registers. Somerset Archives & Local Studies, South West Heritage Trust, Taunton, England. (https://www.ancestry.com.au/search/collections/60859 : 1 Jul 2023).

"Somerset, England, Marriage Registers, Bonds and Allegations, 1754-1914" - ancestry. (https://www.ancestry.com.au). Images. Anglican Parish Registers. Marriage Bonds and Allegations. Somerset Archives & Local Studies, South West Heritage Trust, Taunton, England. (https://www.ancestry.com.au/search/collections/60858 : 1 Jul 2023).

"Sydney, Australia, Anglican Parish Registers, 1814-2011" - ancestry. (https://www.ancestry.com.au). Images. Sydney Diocesan Archives, Anglican Church Diocese of Sydney. Sydney, New South Wales, Australia. (https://www.ancestry.com.au/search/collections/61177 : 1 Jul 2023).

"Tasmania, Applications for Admission and Associated Papers (SWD26)" - Libraries Tasmania. (https://libraries.tas.gov.au/tasmanian-archives : 1 Jul 2023). Images. Kings/Queens Orphans School (TA148). Queens Asylum (TA149). Tasmanian Government, Australia.

"Tasmania, Australia, Immigrant Lists, 1841-1884" - ancestry. (https://www.ancestry.com.au). Nominal Registers of the Hiring and Disposal of Immigrants with Details of Marital State, Age, Children, Trade, Employer, Wages and Term of Employment. CB7/16/1. Archives Office of Tasmania, Australia. Nominal Register of Arrivals under the Bounty System. CB7/9. Archives Office of Tasmania, Australia. Nominal Register of Immigrants' Arrivals with Details of Age, Marital State, Literacy, Native Place, Trade, Employment and Wages. CB7/13. Archives Office of Tasmania, Australia. Daily Nominal Register of Immigrants Admitted to and Discharged from the immigration Quarters, with Details of Rations. CB7/14. Archives Office of Tasmania, Australia. Alphabetical Descriptive List of Immigrants Arriving under the Indenture System, with Details of Name, Ship, Marital State, Age, Religion, Native Place, Trade and Bounty Paid. CB7/17. Archives Office of Tasmania, Australia. List of Vessels Carrying Bounty Immigrants. CB7/34. Archives Office of Tasmania, Australia. Register of Payments Received from, or on Behalf of, Named Immigrants under Indenture Systems; with Half Yearly Abstracts. CB7/19. Archives Office of Tasmania, Australia. Payments Made by Immigrants Leaving the Colony. CB7/44. Archives Office of Tasmania, Australia. Alphabetical Descriptive List of Immigrants with Details of Name, Marital State, Age, Children, Religion, Literacy, Native Place, Trade, Applicant (Sponsor), Ship, Date of Arrival. CB7/20. Archives Office of Tasmania, Australia. Nominal Lists of Persons Supplied with Rations at the Immigration Depot, with Details of Immigrants Admitted and Discharged. CB7/21. Archives Office of Tasmania, Australia. Returns of Immigrants under the Bounty and General System. CB7/32. Archives Office of Tasmania, Australia. Descriptive Nominal Lists of Immigrants and Associated Papers. CB7/18. Archives Office of Tasmania, Australia. Certificates of Final Departure of Vessels Leaving England, Nominally Listing Immigrants for Hobart. CB/11. Archives Office of Tasmania, Australia. Return of Immigrants on Account of Whom Bounty Payment Was Refused. CB7/8. Archives Office of Tasmania, Australia. Register of Immigrants of the Working Classes Arriving without Government Assistance. CB7/10. Archives Office of Tasmania, Australia. Nominal Lists of Immigrants Compiled after Departure of Vessels from England for Tasmania with Details of Trade, Native Place, Marital State, Age, Children. CB7/15. Archives Office of Tasmania, Australia. (https://www.ancestry.com.au/search/collections/2696 : 1 Jul 2023).

"Tasmania, Australia, Passenger Arrivals, 1829-1957" - ancestry. (https://www.ancestry.com.au). Images. Selected Immigration Books from the Archive Office of Tasmania. Tasmania, Australia: Archives Office of Tasmania. (https://www.ancestry.com.au/search/collections/2423 : 1 Jul 2023).

"Tasmania, Australia, Police Gazettes, 1884-1933" - ancestry. (https://www.ancestry.com.au). Images. Tasmania Police Gazette Indexes, 1884-1933. Ridgehaven, South Australia: Gould Genealogy and History, 2009. (https://www.ancestry.com.au/search/collections/60971 : 1 Jul 2023).

"Tasmania, List of Outward Passengers (MB2/43)" - Tasmanian Archive and Heritage Office, Hobart. Microfilm. Marine Department (TA931). Tasmanian Government, Australia.

"Tasmania, Reports of Crime, 1861-1883" - ancestry. (https://www.ancestry.com.au). Images. Tasmania Reports of Crime. Ridgehaven, South Australia: Gould Genealogy & History. (http://www.gould.com.au). (https://www.ancestry.com.au/search/collections/60883 : 1 Jul 2023).

"Tasmanian Federation Index 1900-1930" - Libraries Tasmania. (https://libraries.tas.gov.au/tasmanian-archives : 1 Jul 2023). Database. Data compiled by the Tasmanian Family History Society and published on CD-ROM as part of the Tasmanian Federation Index Births 1900-1919, Deaths and Marriages 1900-1930 by Macbeth Genealogical Services, 2006.

"Tasmanian Morning Herald" (Hobart, TAS: 1865-1866) - TROVE. (https://trove.nla.gov.au). Images. National Library of Australia. (https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/title/865 : 1 Jul 2023).

"Tasmanian News" (Hobart, TAS : 1883-1911) - TROVE. (https://trove.nla.gov.au). Images. National Library of Australia. (https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/title/866 : 1 Jul 2023).

"Tasmanian Parliamentary Papers 1856-1901" - Parliament of Tasmania. (https://www.parliament.tas.gov.au/tpl/PPWeb : 1 Jul 2023). Images. Tasmanian Government, Australia.

"The Advertiser" (Hobart, TAS : 1861-1865) - TROVE. (https://trove.nla.gov.au). Images. National Library of Australia. (https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/title/1738 : 1 Jul 2023).

"The Advocate" (Burnie, TAS : 1890-1954) - TROVE. (https://trove.nla.gov.au). Images. National Library of Australia. (https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/title/46 : 1 Jul 2023).

"The Advocate" (Burnie, TAS : Devonport, TAS : 1955+) - Tasmanian Archive and Heritage Office, Hobart. Microfilm. Tasmanian Government, Australia.

"The Age" (Melbourne, VIC : 1854-1954) - TROVE. (https://trove.nla.gov.au). Images. National Library of Australia. (https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/title/809 : 1 Jul 2023).

"The Argus" (Melbourne, VIC : 1848-1956) - TROVE. (https://trove.nla.gov.au). Images. National Library of Australia. (https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/title/13 : 1 Jul 2023).

"The Austral-Asiatic Review, Tasmanian and Australian Advertiser" (Hobart, TAS : 1837-1844) - TROVE. (https://trove.nla.gov.au). Images. National Library of Australia. (https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/title/1232 : 1 Jul 2023).

"The Australasian" (Melbourne, VIC : 1864-1946) - TROVE. (https://trove.nla.gov.au). Images. National Library of Australia. (https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/title/460 : 1 Jul 2023).

"The Britannia and Trades' Advocate" (Hobart, TAS : 1846-1851) - TROVE. (https://trove.nla.gov.au). Images. National Library of Australia. (https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/title/941 : 1 Jul 2023).

"The Colonist" (Launceston, TAS : 1888-1891) - TROVE. (https://trove.nla.gov.au). Images. National Library of Tasmania. (https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/title/952 : 1 Jul 2023).

"The Cornwall Chronicle" (Launceston, TAS : 1835-1880) - TROVE. (https://trove.nla.gov.au). Images. National Library of Australia. (https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/title/170 : 1 Jul 2023).

"The Courier" (Hobart, TAS : 1840-1859). TROVE - TROVE. (https://trove.nla.gov.au). Images. National Library of Australia. (https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/title/21 : 1 Jul 2023).

"The Daily Advertiser" (Wagga Wagga, NSW : 1911-1954) - TROVE. (https://trove.nla.gov.au). Images. National Library of Australia. (https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/title/687 : 1 Jul 2023).

"The Daily Telegraph" (Launceston, TAS : 1883-1928). TROVE. https://trove.nla.gov.au. Digitised Images. National Library of Australia. (https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/title/742 : 1 Jul 2023).

"The Daily Telegraph" (Sydney, NSW : 1883-1930) - TROVE. (https://trove.nla.gov.au). Images. National Library of Australia. (https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/title/1297 : 1 Jul 2023).

"The Examiner" (Launceston, TAS : 1900-1954) - TROVE. (https://trove.nla.gov.au). Images. National Library of Australia. (https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/title/68 : 1 Jul 2023).

"The Examiner" (Launceston, TAS : 1955+) - Tasmanian Archive and Heritage Office, Hobart. Microfilm. Tasmanian Government, Australia.

"The Herald" (Melbourne, VIC : 1861-1954) - TROVE. (https://trove.nla.gov.au). Images. National Library of Australia. (https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/title/1190 : 1 Jul 2023).

"The Hobart Town Advertiser" (TAS : 1839-1861) - TROVE. (https://trove.nla.gov.au). Images. National Library of Australia. (https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/title/1737 : 1 Jul 2023).

"The Hobart Town Courier and Van Diemen's Land Gazette" (TAS : 1839-1840) - TROVE. (https://trove.nla.gov.au). Images. National Library of Australia. (https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/title/20 : 1 Jul 2023).

"The Hobart Town Courier" (TAS : 1827-1839) - TROVE. (https://trove.nla.gov.au). Images. National Library of Australia. (https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/title/19 : 1 Jul 2023).

"The Hobart Town Daily Mercury" (TAS : 1858-1860) - TROVE. (https://trove.nla.gov.au). Images. National Library of Australia. (https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/title/33 : 1 Jul 2023).

"The Hobart Town Gazette and Southern Reporter" (TAS : 1816-1821) - TROVE. (https://trove.nla.gov.au). Images. National Library of Australia. (https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/title/4 : 1 Jul 2023).

"The Hobart Town Gazette and Van Diemen's Land Advertiser " (TAS : 1821-1825) - TROVE. (https://trove.nla.gov.au). Images. National Library of Australia. (https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/title/5 : 1 Jul 2023).

"The Hobart Town Gazette" (TAS : 1825-1833) - TROVE. (https://trove.nla.gov.au). Images. National Library of Australia. (https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/title/22 : 1 Jul 2023).

"The Hobart Town Mercury" (TAS : 1857). TROVE - TROVE. (https://trove.nla.gov.au). Images. National Library of Australia. (https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/title/32 : 1 Jul 2023).

"The Hobarton Mercury" (TAS : 1854-1857) - TROVE. (https://trove.nla.gov.au). Images. National Library of Australia. (https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/title/31 : 1 Jul 2023).

"The Mercury" (Hobart, TAS : 1860-1954) - TROVE. (https://trove.nla.gov.au). Images. National Library of Australia. (https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/title/10 : 1 Jul 2023).

"The Mercury" (Hobart, TAS : 1955+)Tasmanian Archive and Heritage Office, Hobart. Microfilm. Tasmanian Government, Australia.

"The Mount Lyell Standard and Strahan Gazette" (Queenstown, TAS : 1896-1902) - TROVE. (https://trove.nla.gov.au). Images. National Library of Australia. (https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/title/1251 : 1 Jul 2023).

"The Sydney Morning Herald" (NSW : 1842-1954) - TROVE. (https://trove.nla.gov.au). Images. National Library of Australia. (https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/title/35 : 1 Jul 2023).

"The Tasmanian Colonist" (Hobart, TAS : 1851-1855) - TROVE. (https://trove.nla.gov.au). Images. National Library of Australia. (https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/title/1041 : 1 Jul 2023).

"The Tasmanian Daily News" (Hobart, TAS : 1855-1858) - TROVE. (https://trove.nla.gov.au). Images. National Library of Australia. (https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/title/948 : 1 Jul 2023).

"The Tasmanian Evening Herald" (Launceston, TAS : 1878) - TROVE. (https://trove.nla.gov.au). Images. National Library of Australia. (https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/title/1265 : 1 Jul 2023).

"The Tasmanian Times" (Hobart, TAS : 1867-1870) - TROVE. (https://trove.nla.gov.au). Images. National Library of Australia. (https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/title/1263 : 1 Jul 2023).

"The Tasmanian Tribune" (Hobart, TAS : 1872-1876) - TROVE. (https://trove.nla.gov.au). Images. National Library of Australia. (https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/title/950 : 1 Jul 2023).

"The Tasmanian" (Hobart, TAS : 1827-1839) - TROVE. (https://trove.nla.gov.au). Images. National Library of Australia. (https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/title/1230 : 1 Jul 2023).

"The True Colonist Van Diemen's Land Political Despatch, and Agricultural and Commercial" (Hobart, TAS : 1834-1844) - TROVE. (https://trove.nla.gov.au). Images. National Library of Australia. (https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/title/945 : 1 Jul 2023).

"The West Australian" (Perth, WA : 1879-1954) - TROVE. (https://trove.nla.gov.au). Images. National Library of Australia. (https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/title/30 : 1 Jul 2023).

"The Zeehan and Dundas Herald" (TAS : 1890-1922) - TROVE. (https://trove.nla.gov.au). Images. National Library of Australia. (https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/title/270 : 1 Jul 2023).

"Tribune" (Hobart, TAS : 1876-1879) - TROVE. (https://trove.nla.gov.au). Images. National Library of Australia. (https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/title/951 : 1 Jul 2023)

"UK, Prison Hulk Registers and Letter Books, 1802-1849" - ancestry. (https://www.ancestry.com.au). Images. Home Office: Convict Prison Hulks: Registers and Letter Books, 1802-1849. Microfilm, HO9, 5 rolls. The National Archives, Kew, England. (https://www.ancestry.com.au/search/collections/1989 : 1 Jul 2023).

"Victoria Births, Deaths and Marriages - Research and Family History" - Victorian Government. (https://www.bdm.vic.gov.au/research-and-family-history : 1 Jul 2023). Database. Victoria State Government, Australia.

"Victoria, Australia, Outward Passenger Index, 1852-1915" - ancestry. (https://www.ancestry.com.au). Database. Outward Passengers Lists (1852-1923). Public Record Office Victoria. (https://prov.vic.gov.au/explore-collection/explore-topic/passenger-records-and-immigration/outwards-passenger-lists). (https://www.ancestry.com.au/search/collections/70791 : 1 Jul 2023).

"Victoria, Police Gazettes, 1855, 1864-1924" - ancestry. (https://www.ancestry.com.au). Images. Victoria Police Gazette Indexes. CD-ROM. Ridgehaven, South Australia: Gould Genealogy and History, 2009. (https://www.ancestry.com.au/search/collections/60885 : 1 Jul 2023)

"Western Australia Registry of Births, Deaths and Marriages - Family History" - Western Australia Government. (https://www.wa.gov.au/service/justice/civil-law/searching-family-history : 1 Jul 2023). Database. Department of Justice. Government of Western Australia, Australia.

"Wood's Tasmanian Almanack" - TROVE. (https://nla.gov.au). Images. National Library of Australa. (https://nla.gov.au/nla.obj-2879090019 : 1 Jul 2023).

Bateson, Charles. The Convict Ships: 1787 - 1868. Sydney, NSW: Library of Australian History, 1985.

Bothwell Cemetery Records. Transcribed by Central Highlands Council from parish registers.

Chapman, Jennie. My Passage in Time: Benjamin Smith. Queensland, Australia: self-published, 2003.

Information supplied by various entities.

MacPhail. MacPhail's Directory of Tasmania 1867-68. CD. Modbury, South Australia: Archive CD Books Australasia, c2003.

Personal knowledge of the author, Jennie Chapman.